Synthetic Polymers: Addition vs Condensation, Thermoplastics/Thermosets

Understanding Synthetic Polymers

Synthetic polymers are large molecules made by joining many small units called monomers. They are used in a wide range of products, from plastic bottles to clothing fibers.

Types of Polymerization

1. Addition Polymerization

• Process: Monomers add to each other without the loss of any small molecules.
• Example: Polyethylene, made from ethene monomers.

2. Condensation Polymerization

• Process: Monomers join together with the elimination of small molecules like water or methanol.
• Example: Nylon, formed from diamine and dicarboxylic acid.

Thermoplastics vs Thermosets

Thermoplastics

• Properties: Soften when heated and can be reshaped.
• Example: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), used in pipes and cables.

Thermosets

• Properties: Harden permanently after being shaped and cannot be remolded.
• Example: Bakelite, used in electrical insulators.