Rutherford α-Scattering Experiment

Introduction to Rutherford's Experiment

Rutherford's α-scattering experiment was a groundbreaking experiment that helped to establish the nuclear model of the atom. It provided evidence that atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.

Key Concepts

• Alpha Particles: Helium nuclei consisting of 2 protons and 2 neutrons, positively charged.
• Gold Foil: A very thin sheet of gold used in the experiment.
• Detection: Alpha particles were detected using a fluorescent screen.

The Experiment Setup

In the experiment, alpha particles were directed at a thin gold foil. The setup included:

• A source of alpha particles.
• A thin gold foil target.
• A circular fluorescent screen to detect scattered alpha particles.

Observations

• Most alpha particles passed through the foil without deflection.
• Some alpha particles were deflected at small angles.
• A few alpha particles were deflected back at large angles.

Conclusions

• Most of the atom is empty space, allowing most alpha particles to pass through.
• The nucleus is small and dense, causing large deflections when alpha particles come close.
• The nucleus is positively charged, repelling the positively charged alpha particles.