Inference & Implied Meaning in Comprehension

Understanding Inference

Inference is the process of drawing conclusions from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements. When you infer, you "read between the lines" to understand what is not directly stated.

For example:

• If a passage describes a character shivering and pulling their coat tighter, you might infer that it is cold.

How to Make Inferences

• Look for Clues: Pay attention to details in the text that hint at a deeper meaning.
• Use Background Knowledge: Combine what you read with what you already know.
• Ask Questions: Consider why something is mentioned or how it relates to the overall message.

Recognizing Implied Meaning

Implied meaning is when the text suggests something without stating it outright. Understanding implied meaning involves recognizing the tone, mood, and attitude conveyed by the author.

For example:

• If a character says, "Oh, great," when something bad happens, the implied meaning is likely sarcasm.

Identifying Tone and Attitude

• Tone: The author's attitude toward the subject, which can be identified through word choice and style.
• Attitude: The feelings expressed by the author or characters, which can be positive, negative, or neutral.

Examples

Example 1: Inference

"The sun dipped below the horizon, and the streetlights flickered on one by one."

• Inference: It is getting dark, and night is approaching.

Example 2: Implied Meaning

"He slammed the door as he left the room."

• Implied Meaning: He is likely angry or upset.