Centre of Gravity & Stability

Understanding Centre of Gravity

The centre of gravity of an object is the point where the entire weight of the object appears to act. It is the average location of the weight distribution.

For regular shapes, the centre of gravity is at the geometric centre. For irregular shapes, it may be located using balancing methods or calculations.

Types of Equilibrium

Equilibrium refers to the state where all forces acting on a body are balanced. There are three types of equilibrium:

• Stable Equilibrium: If an object is slightly displaced, it returns to its original position. Example: A ball in a bowl.
• Unstable Equilibrium: If an object is slightly displaced, it moves further away from its original position. Example: A ball on top of a hill.
• Neutral Equilibrium: If an object is displaced, it stays in its new position. Example: A ball on a flat surface.

Factors Affecting Stability

• Base of Support: A wider base increases stability.
• Height of Centre of Gravity: A lower centre of gravity increases stability.
• Weight Distribution: Even distribution of weight increases stability.

Worked Example: Determining Stability