Atmosphere Layers

Introduction to the Atmosphere

The atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the Earth. It is crucial for life as it provides oxygen, protects us from harmful solar radiation, and helps regulate temperature.

The atmosphere is divided into several layers, each with unique characteristics:

• Troposphere: The lowest layer where weather occurs. It contains most of the atmosphere's mass.
• Stratosphere: Contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation.
• Mesosphere: The middle layer where meteors burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere.
• Thermosphere: A layer with very thin air, where the auroras occur.
• Exosphere: The outermost layer, where the atmosphere merges into space.

Pollution of the Atmosphere

Atmospheric pollution occurs when harmful substances are released into the air, affecting air quality and health. Common pollutants include:

• Carbon monoxide (CO): A colorless, odorless gas from burning fossil fuels.
• Sulfur dioxide (SO₂): Produced by volcanic eruptions and industrial processes.
• Nitrogen oxides (NO_x): Emitted from vehicles and power plants.
• Particulate matter: Tiny particles suspended in the air, from dust, soot, and smoke.
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs): Used in refrigeration and aerosols, damaging the ozone layer.

Effects of Atmospheric Pollution

• Health Issues: Respiratory problems, heart disease, and other health conditions.
• Environmental Impact: Acid rain, global warming, and damage to the ozone layer.
• Economic Costs: Healthcare expenses and loss of productivity.